Environmental Factors
Environment is all the external factors that directly affect the biological
life of the growth and reproduction of organisms.
Abiotic Factor
(Physical
Environment)
Abiotic factors consisted of four factors:
Abiotic factors consisted of four factors:
a.
Temperature
- An important factor in the distribution of the organism because it has effects on biological processes.
- Cells may burst if the water contained freezing (at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius)
- Proteins can be denatured at temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius.
- Most organisms organism functions best in a specific range of ambient temperatures.
- An important factor in the distribution of the organism because it has effects on biological processes.
- Cells may burst if the water contained freezing (at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius)
- Proteins can be denatured at temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius.
- Most organisms organism functions best in a specific range of ambient temperatures.
b.
Water
- Water in nature come together as a body of water such as oceans, lakes, marshes, ponds, rivers.
- Water into the atmospheric air by evaporation and then fall to the ground as snow.
- Air divided into 2 types:
1. Seawater
Containing NaCl and MgCl2 which causes the saltiness. Other salts such as salt, Ca and sulphites.
2. Freshwater
There are two types of freshwater that is:
• Soft Water: slightly containing salts
• Water hardness: if a lot containing salts
Hard water is not good to wash because soap reacts with substances that dissolve so it will be difficult bubbly.
- Water in nature come together as a body of water such as oceans, lakes, marshes, ponds, rivers.
- Water into the atmospheric air by evaporation and then fall to the ground as snow.
- Air divided into 2 types:
1. Seawater
Containing NaCl and MgCl2 which causes the saltiness. Other salts such as salt, Ca and sulphites.
2. Freshwater
There are two types of freshwater that is:
• Soft Water: slightly containing salts
• Water hardness: if a lot containing salts
Hard water is not good to wash because soap reacts with substances that dissolve so it will be difficult bubbly.
c.
Salinity
Salinity of water in the environment affect water balance organist, e through osmosis. Most aquatic organisms limited life in freshwater habitats or salty because it has limited ability to osmoregulation.
Salinity of water in the environment affect water balance organist, e through osmosis. Most aquatic organisms limited life in freshwater habitats or salty because it has limited ability to osmoregulation.
d.
Sunlight
- Sunlight is absorbed by photosynthetic organisms provides the energy that drives most ecosystems and sun too little can restrict the distribution of photosynthetic species.
- Solar radiation is the only source of energy for living beings to the earth in the form of electromagnetic waves.
- Solar radiation is essential for the organism:
a. Ultra Violet radiation (300-390 mμ)
b. Ordinary light can be seen (360-760 mμ)
c. Infrared radiation (heat wave with a wave of 760-100 mμ)
- Solar radiation is evaporating water hyang useful for the hydrological cycle.
- Solar radiation moves air. Good air movement from the movement of water helps the spread of air and heat distribution.
- Disruption of solar radiation caused by forest fires, volcanic eruptions, etc.
- Sunlight is absorbed by photosynthetic organisms provides the energy that drives most ecosystems and sun too little can restrict the distribution of photosynthetic species.
- Solar radiation is the only source of energy for living beings to the earth in the form of electromagnetic waves.
- Solar radiation is essential for the organism:
a. Ultra Violet radiation (300-390 mμ)
b. Ordinary light can be seen (360-760 mμ)
c. Infrared radiation (heat wave with a wave of 760-100 mμ)
- Solar radiation is evaporating water hyang useful for the hydrological cycle.
- Solar radiation moves air. Good air movement from the movement of water helps the spread of air and heat distribution.
- Disruption of solar radiation caused by forest fires, volcanic eruptions, etc.
e.
Rocks
and soil
PH, mineral composition, and physical structure of the rocks and soil limits the distribution of plants and thus the distribution of plant-eating animals. It affects biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems.
PH, mineral composition, and physical structure of the rocks and soil limits the distribution of plants and thus the distribution of plant-eating animals. It affects biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems.
Biotic Factors
Biotic is one of the components or factors in the environment. Biotic components include all factors of life: group of organisms producers, consumers and decomposers.
Biotic characteristics of the reactor, namely:
Biotic is one of the components or factors in the environment. Biotic components include all factors of life: group of organisms producers, consumers and decomposers.
Biotic characteristics of the reactor, namely:
·
Breathe
·
Growing
·
Breed
·
Irritability
·
Eating
and drinking
·
Make
excretion
·
Adapt
to the environment
Biotic factors
include:
a. Individual
That single organism. Example: rat, a cat, and etc.
There are various individual adaptation to the environment:
a. Individual
That single organism. Example: rat, a cat, and etc.
There are various individual adaptation to the environment:
·
Adaptation
morphology: body shape adjustment for survival.
·
Adaptation
physiology: adjustment of physiological functions of the body to sustain life.
·
Adaptation
behavior, for example: pretending to be asleep or dead to avoid the enemies
b. Population
The population is a collection of similar individuals who live in a specific area and time. Example: palm tree population in poor city. Changes in the population at a given time is called population dynamics. The population has characteristics that are typical for the group and is not owned by individual members, among others: the density (density), the birth rate (natalist), the mortality rate (motalitas), biotic potential, the general spread and growth form.
c. community
Community is a collection of beebagai population living at a time and specific regions that interact and affect one another.
d. ecosystem
Between the community and the environment is always an interaction. This interaction creates unity called ecosystem ecology.
Biotic components include:
1) Manufacturers, which means producer. Namely organism that can produce its own food. Included in this group are plants that have green or chlorophyll.
2) Consumers, which means the user. Yaotu organisms that can not produce their own food. Organisms that are directly taking nutrients directly from green plants are herbivores, therefore, herbivores often referred to as first-level consumers.
3) Decomposers or decomposers are kompnen biotic role decompose organic matter derived from organisms that have died or the result of the disposal of digestion. decomposers group is generally comprised of a group of bacteria and fungi.
The population is a collection of similar individuals who live in a specific area and time. Example: palm tree population in poor city. Changes in the population at a given time is called population dynamics. The population has characteristics that are typical for the group and is not owned by individual members, among others: the density (density), the birth rate (natalist), the mortality rate (motalitas), biotic potential, the general spread and growth form.
c. community
Community is a collection of beebagai population living at a time and specific regions that interact and affect one another.
d. ecosystem
Between the community and the environment is always an interaction. This interaction creates unity called ecosystem ecology.
Biotic components include:
1) Manufacturers, which means producer. Namely organism that can produce its own food. Included in this group are plants that have green or chlorophyll.
2) Consumers, which means the user. Yaotu organisms that can not produce their own food. Organisms that are directly taking nutrients directly from green plants are herbivores, therefore, herbivores often referred to as first-level consumers.
3) Decomposers or decomposers are kompnen biotic role decompose organic matter derived from organisms that have died or the result of the disposal of digestion. decomposers group is generally comprised of a group of bacteria and fungi.
v Interaction between biotic and abiotic
components make up the ecosystem. The relationship between an organism and its
environment causes the flow of energy
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